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Technoligies of water preparation |  |
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 Treatment
of sewages in treatment constructions with the not big productivity
under severe conditions of the Far North has its specific peculiarities
due to the fact that all the elements of technological equipment are
to be placed inside the premises, and all the supplying communications
inside the heated trestles. Compounding of the industrial building
from modular containers, and if productivity is more than 800 cu.m/day,
from metal constructions of a roll type, unlike the traditional methods
of arrangement of equipment in separate buildings, allows solving
these problems to the most extent. By that, operational expenses on
heating, ventilation and servicing of a station are reduced.
Aerobic stabilization of sediment formed and its dewatering inside the station building allows rejecting sludge platforms that, in its turn, acc. to construction rules and regulations 2.04.03-85, allows reducing a sanitary-protective zone and at the same time lessening the extension of supplying communications. The treatment station has to ensure a high extent of treatment, be simple and reliable at operation, stable to uneven income of sewages and not to demand high qualified servicing. The method of bio aerobic treatment with the use of inert biomass carriers, which provides deep extraction of impurities from sewages and, which is the basis of station construction, meets these terms best. To intensify aerobic processes, destruction of impurities in sewages and to increase reliability of bioreactor's work the method of immobilization of microorganisms by the inert filler-a fiber synthetic loading of a Yorsh type, is being used. Application of FDS allows excluding sand catchers and primary settling tanks from the scheme. Besides, FDS allows purifying sewages from fine dispersed floating dredges which are not trapped by settling tanks. This has a positive influence on the work of a settling aero tank and post-treatment block. Application of loading of a "Synthetic
algae" type due to attached and orientated micro flora allows sustaining
active sludge concentration within the required limits. With the uneven supply of sewages the loading stabilizes the work of active sludge. Besides, the immobilization of microorganisms influences positively the formation of stamms of microorganisms, which are mostly adapted to the given type of sewages. This allows increasing the effect of water treatment and decreasing the volume of a settling aero tank compared with existing analogies. When treating low concentrated sewages, the nutrients are adsorbed by the loading thus, creating prerequisites for stable work of active sludge and rise of biomass. The dose of sludge in the aero tank is 1-5 mg/l. The combination of an aero tank and settling tank in one construction allows decreasing the general volume of a settling aero tank by 25-30 % compared with the volume of traditional aero tanks and secondary settling tanks.
Distinctive features of Biological treatment units of “Ersh” type
On uneven supply of sewages the loading is stabilizing the work of active sludge. Besides, the immobilization of microorganisms influences positively the formation of stamms of microorganisms, which are mostly adapted to the given type of sewages what allows increasing the effect of water treatment and decreasing the volume of a settling aero tank compared with existing analogies. The opportunity to increase the amount of the inert carrier of the biomass up to more than 30% of the total volume of aeration part of a settling aero tank allows intensifying the treatment process of waste water, i.e. increasing the productivity of facilities if necessary. In the ordinary aero tank, if the sewage supply is cut off for a long period of time (accidents at SPS, power cut, etc.) self oxidizing of active sludge is happening that considerably complicates the following launching of the aero tank. In a similar situation the settling aero tank, thanks to the flooded spill way, is partially emptied and about one third of a loading appears to be in the open air. Thus, the active biomass is saved. On recommencing of sewage supply, the settling aero tank is put into a technological regime at once. Constructive peculiarities of a settling zone of a settling aero tank allow precluding the storage of surplus sludge and its rotting, as well as reducing the volume of a construction. The technological process envisions sediment concentration in the aerobic stabilizer. In a settling tank the loading of a type "Synthetic algae" is being used instead of traditional thin layer modules. Synthetic algae prevent carrying out suspended active sludge from a settling tank, thus smoothing the consequences of unevenness of hydraulic load towards a settling tank. Classic thin layer modules, despite all their positive features, have one considerable disadvantage-impossibility of full regeneration of a module, because of what there is sludge storage and its rotting on the module's walls. The loading of a type "Synthetic algae" is easy accessible for visual observation and by ablution with aeration is easy regenerated. The system of collection of settled water lower than the surface precludes the obstruction of a spill way.
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The
presence of loading of a "Synthetic algae" type under a volley dumping
of toxic flow allows saving the active biomass in the aero tank,
i.e. the operational regime of a settling aero tank is more stable
to qualitative and quantitative composition changes of those sewages
coming to treatment, compared with a classic aero tank. 
